I've been presented with the problem of trying to dissolve Hydroquinone in a solvent other than water. 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate protected at pH 6.0-7.0, 1.0-1.5% at pH 5.5-7.0, and 2.0-3.0% at pH 3.5-7.0. 420, 2429 (2016), W. E. Acree Jr, Thermochim Acta 189, 3756 (1991), F. L. Nordstrm, . C. Rasmuson, J. Chem. Gerhard Franz, Roger A. Sheldon "Oxidation" in. 2008-2023 ChemPoint. 1 Solubility data for compounds that ordinarily are liquids at 25 are expressed in terms of the ratio of the volume of solute to the volume of solvent; i.e., 1 mL dissolved in mL of solvent. Hydrogen peroxide is used and the reaction gives a mixture of hydroquinone and catechol: An accessible route involves the reaction of sodium hydroxide with 1,4-dichlorobenzene. It is moderately soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. It is understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, that the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. The obtained results show that the solubility of benzoic acid in water is greater than that of salicylic acid, but in the case of the two isomers of dihydroxybenzene, the solubility of resorcinol is approximately 100 times that of hydroquinone. Hydroquinone[1] Idrochinone Quinol 1,4-Dihydroxybenzene p-dihydroxybenzene p-hydroxyphenol 1,4-Hydroxy benzene Identifiers CAS Number 123-31-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 605970 ChEBI CHEBI:17594 Y ChEMBL ChEMBL537 Y ChemSpider 764 Y DrugBank DB09526 ECHA InfoCard 100.004.199 EC Number 204-617-8 Gmelin Reference 2742 By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of cookies. 388, 7381 (2010), H. Li, G. Hu, F. Guo, L. Zhao, J. Zhu, Y. Zhang, Can. Have an order or account question? However, hydroquinone discolors at the pH range of 7.0 to 8.5. 0000005757 00000 n Compositions according to this invention may include dermatologically acceptable carriers. The solubility in water is 6.72g/L. Table II shows that at 5C, 4% hydroquinone compositions maintain their white or light straw color with the addition of at least about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate at the low pH ranges (from about 3.50 to about 5.50) and when about 1.0 to about 2.0% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate is used in the pH range of about 7.0. In 1-octanol, the decreasing order of the solubility of these compounds is as follows: resorcinol>benzoic acid>salicylic acid>hydroquinone. This composition is color stabilized and cosmetically elegant. The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25 K to 334.45 K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. In another embodiment of the invention, hydroquinone and a protected retinoid are both combined in the composition. 0000005089 00000 n F. Whler (1844) "Untersuchungen ber das Chinon" (Investigations of quinone). In the United States, the most commonly used treatment for hyperpigmentation is 1,4-benzenediol, which is known as hydroquinone. [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC([O-])=C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C1=O, N1=CC(C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1C#CC1=CC=C(SCCC2(C)C)C2=C1, C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C3=CC=C(C(=C3)C34CC5CC(CC(C5)C3)C4)OC)=CC=C21, CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C, disodium;2-[2-[carboxylatomethyl(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate, [Na+]. Data 51, 127129 (2006), J. Lim, S. Jang, H. K. Cho, M. S. Shin, H. Kim, J. Chem. It is a reducing agent that is reversibly oxidized to semiquinone and quinone. Thus, while cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, have beneficial antioxidant effects on the skin, the combination with hydroquinone in the invention results in a compatible and stable composition. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Water Solubility 73000 mg/L at 25C 2.6B pH pKa 4.0 - 4.7 pK1 = 9.9 2.12 Oxidation:Reduction Potential +286 mV at 25C and pH 7 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/BIODEGRADATION Then add it to the ingredients. Int J Thermophys 42, 1 (2021). Retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), are beneficial for improving rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. InChI=1S/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, InChI=1/C6H6O2/c7-5-1-2-6(8)4-3-5/h1-4,7-8H, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their. 0000000807 00000 n 0000008435 00000 n Natural antioxidants could replace hydroquinone derivatives used in industry. Protected retinoid may be added to these compositions for additional skin benefit effects. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Johnson & Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc. AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE TR, STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN, Color Stability of 4% HQ Compositions with varying pH and % Sodium Metabisulfite at 5C and 40C, Color Stability of 4% HQ Compositions with varying pH and % Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate at 5C and 40C, Polyacrylamide (and) C 13-14 isoparaffin (and) laureth-7, Water, Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil, Carnauba (Copemicia Cerifera), wax, tocopherol, retinol, Ceteareth-20, Water, Soybean (Glycine Soja) Oil, Carnauba (Copernicia Cerifera), wax, tocopherol, retinol, Ceteareth-20, Compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders and methods for their manufacture, Stabilization composition including hydroquinone or derivative thereof, Stabilized retinol for cosmetic dermatological, and pharmaceutical compositions, and use thereof, Depigmenting composition for the skin comprising adapalene and at least one depigmenting agent, Depigmenting composition for the skin, use of a depigmenting composition for the skin, cosmetic use of the same and method for non-therapeutic cosmetic treatment, Cosmetic designs and products using intronic RNA, Holistic composition and method for reducing skin pigmentation, Topical compositions and methods of manufacturing them in specifically treated steel vessels, System for improved percutaneous absorption of skin benefiting agents, Discontinuous surface coating for particles, Method of treating skin requiring chemical peel procedure, Method of treating skin needing hyaluronic acid treatment, Method of treating skin having incision from surgical procedures, Method of treating skin requiring hair removal procedure, Method of treating skin requiring Intense Pulse Light (IPL) procedure, Method of treating skin subject to or affected by aesthetic surgical procedures, Method of treating skin needing ablative treatment, Method of treating skin requiring radiofrequency procedure, Method of treating skin requiring non-ablative procedure, Method of treating skin requiring fractional resurfacing treatment, Method of treating skin needing botulinum toxin type a treatment, Method of treating skin requiring microdermabrasion, Method of treating skin needing collagen treatment, Method of treating skin requiring skin cancer treatment, Methods of treating skin to enhance therapeutic treatment thereof, Ras mutation and compositions and methods related thereto, Compositions, kits and regimens for the treatment of skin, especially dcolletage, Calcium sequestration compositions and methods of treating skin pigmentation disorders and conditions. NR 1L~tyj|ZZ3]jFlszH#bd]="nVj =rBF-=Y?Pe 3(\[3;wR-+7Fn ~pSQ(Rpiw^zYr''t@\vobE]u'C}io0q;^k5C@|zZNNA>,XOrztV;qO*w:MC$OI\_$Io 'v [ A specific embodiment of the invention is listed in the following table. 108. [34], It is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum. 1401417, Country of ref document: Although about 0.01% sodium metabisulfite without magnesium ascorbyl phosphate may not color stabilize an about 4% hydroquinone composition, and about 0.5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate without sodium metabisulfite may not either, the combination of sodium metabisulfite and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate in these percentages is effective to stabilize the color of the about 1% to about 12%, about 2% to about 10%, preferably about 2% to about 8% and more preferably about 3% to about 4% and most preferably 4% hydroquinone composition. Hydroquinone is combustible when preheated. A method of stabilizing a hydroquinone composition, comprising hydroquinone and one or more protected retinoids, comprising: maintaining pH of the composition at about 5.5 to about 8.0. Antioxidants in the hydroquinone phase are instrumental in stabilizing the color of the hydroquinone composition. Cite this article. Heat Mass Transf. I'd like the consistency to be thin like a gel so that it absorbs quicker. Human exposure to hydroquinone can occur by dietary, occupational, and environmental sources. This website uses cookies. 115, 22772285 (2014), Article Acta 423, 137144 (2000), S.-T. Lin, S. I. Sandler, Ind. Hydroquinone is soluble in alcohol solvents such as ethanol and methanol [17]. Anal. These can be burning, redness, sensitization and irritation in some patients. Hydroquinone is extensively used as a photographic developer, an antioxidant, and a stabilizing agent for readily oxidizable polymers. 38, 40814091 (1999), J. Qingzhu, M. Peisheng, Y. Shouzhi, W. Qiang, W. Chang, L. Guiju, J. Chem. 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 The solubilities of benzoic acid, salicylic acid, resorcinol and hydroquinone in water and in 1-octanol were measured by the dynamic method which is also called the synthetic method from 297.25K to 334.45K. Using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC Q2000 and SDT Q600), the melting temperature and the enthalpy of fusion of these solutes were determined. Calorim. Some products also contain sunscreens. You can expect to hear from a technical specialist within 1 business hour. Place an order online, track your orders, download SDS and TDS, and see your quotes, all in one secure place. The protective system can be an entrapment system, a single or multi- laminar system, such as by the formation of vesicles such as a liposome or by utilizing wax, paraffin, silicone, polyethylene, or any material or system which protects the retinoid from oxidation. It is not to be considered as either a warranty or quality specification. The aquatic toxicity of hydroquinone to fresh water fish, Daphnia, and algae was between 0.050- . 58 / Monday, March 26, 2012 / Rules and Regulations 10/31/2017 EN (English US) 6/8 12.3. Chem. This Thermo Scientific Chemicals brand product was originally part of the Acros Organics product portfolio. 76/768/EEC:1976 Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 27 July 1976 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products: Organic Chemistry, Solomon and Fryhle, 10th edition, Wiley Publishing, 2010. You take the cream, put it in a container, take the powder measurement and add it. Using a laser-monitoring observation technique, the solubility of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid were measured at temperatures ranging from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under the atmospheric pressure. I would like to add retinol and kojic acid to it as well. [23] This conclusion was reached based on the extent of absorption in humans and the incidence of neoplasms in rats in several studies where adult rats were found to have increased rates of tumours, including thyroid follicular cell hyperplasias, anisokaryosis (variation in nuclei sizes), mononuclear cell leukemia, hepatocellular adenomas and renal tubule cell adenomas. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in 0000085850 00000 n S.C. Gad, T. Pham, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third Edition), 2014 Environmental Fate and Behavior. endstream endobj 1 0 obj <> endobj 2 0 obj <> endobj 12 0 obj <>stream C6H4O2) is formed. A common route involves hydroxylation of phenol. We have discovered that a hydroquinone composition (with about 1 to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably with about 2% to about 10%, more preferably with about 2% to about 8%, more preferably with about 2% to about 4%, most preferably with about 3% to about 4% hydroquinone) with preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, can include cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate as an antioxidant and the color destabilization problems are appreciably less as compared to hydroquinone compositions without such a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters in the neutral pH range: preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5. : Metabolism and disposition of hydroquinone in Fischer 344 rats after oral or dermal administration. 38, 565571 (2006), K. Carlsson, B. Karlberg, Anal. Discoloration of hydroquinone compositions may be accelerated by repeated exposure to oxygen or exposing the compositions to high temperatures, which may be found inside a car or delivery vehicle on a hot sunny day. ~lgM~Gc{1S_1Q/_/v">S 9 Retinoids, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin), which are protected have been shown to also be color stable in hydroquinone, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate and sodium metabisulfite composition at about a neutral pH, preferably from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably from about 6.0 to about 7.5. Some documentation and label information may refer to the legacy brand. This page was last modified on 19 June 2019, at 20:05. Cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, including inorganic salts, preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and amino acyl derivatives, preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, are preferred in this invention. 2017-02-16T10:10:56+01:00 Glycerol and citric acid, non-toxic and renewable reagents, were crosslinked by a melt polymerization reaction at temperatures from 90-150C. 49, 313321 (2015). Pigmentation disorders can take a variety of forms like hyperpigmentation and hypopigmentation, such as melasma (dark patches experienced in pregnancy), liver spots (which often develop with age), as a side effect of birth control pills, and as a persistent result of acne, bums, bites and other skin injuries, and vitiligo. Add the hydroquinone to the water. I did that by using 1 cup of cream, 4tbsp of hydroquinone and 4tbsp of water or solvent. Phase B: Dissolve the ferulic acid in the glycerin - some "spirited" stirring may be necessary. Data 53, 12781282 (2008), A. Cookie Notice - 65.21.225.73. Additionally, the hydroquinone compositions frequently discolor over time and turn from a whitish color to a brown or even black. However, a problem with a formulation containing both retinoids and hydroquinone has been their incompatible pH ranges. Phillip M. Hudnall "Hydroquinone" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. These phases (described below) are combined in a mixing tank with an in-line homogenizer as follows. 322, 4855 (2012), K. Tamura, T. Kasuga, T. Nakagawa, Fluid Phase Equilib. The toxicology of hydroquinone - relevance to occupational and environmental exposure. Keywords: D-170D; D-170; D170D; D170 Created Date Other solubilities: soluble in alcohol and ether,slightly soluble in benzene,readily soluble in ethanol,acetone and methanol, Needle-like Crystals or Crystalline Powder. Place water in container then bring the temperature to 15c in a boil bath then add products at this point when youre making the lotion u will need to add the other ingredients. HyTSwoc [5laQIBHADED2mtFOE.c}088GNg9w '0 Jb Substituted derivatives of this parent compound are also referred to as hydroquinones. [21][25][23] NTP evaluation showed some evidence of long-term carcinogenic and genotoxic effects[26], While hydroquinone remains widely prescribed for treatment of hyperpigmentation, questions raised about its safety profile by regulatory agencies in the EU, Japan, and USA encourage the search for other agents with comparable efficacy. STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN. This complex dissolves in hot water, where the two molecules dissociate in solution. "F$H:R!zFQd?r9\A&GrQhE]a4zBgE#H *B=0HIpp0MxJ$D1D, VKYdE"EI2EBGt4MzNr!YK ?%_&#(0J:EAiQ(()WT6U@P+!~mDe!hh/']B/?a0nhF!X8kc&5S6lIa2cKMA!E#dV(kel }}Cq9 ChemPoint will not under any circumstances release personal user information to individuals or companies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. Calorim. Monobenzone occurs as a white, almost tasteless crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in water. 114, 175188 (1996), I. Hahnenkamp, G. Graubner, J. Gmehling, Int. However, these hydroquinone-containing compositions were in the acidic pH range and did not contain cationic salts of acidic ascorbyl esters, such as magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. HlRMo0WB:NnVCnE4(i0 (1* )@NzHR!>i;8XaXnsO0LNT0l$B%"NAb0I9V *6/-\vn0W"fKF:AAgl:psRZ?k`&eB IUQ0ET;W#vL=@XwRG{-LHlTz]^s%OB(GF 11'I However, the oil-soluble TBHQ is more hydrophobic with a distinctly increased log P value compared to HQ. Conversion factors (at 25 oc and normal atmospheric pressure) 1 ppm = 4.5 mg!m 3 0000003430 00000 n %PDF-1.4 % [Na+].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O, trimethyl-[phenyl-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl]oxysilane, C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](O[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1, C\C(=C/C=O)\C=C\C=C(\C=C\C1=C(CCCC1(C)C)C)/C, 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC, 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol, C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1, O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C, [Na+].[Na+].[Na+]. It is soluble in water. Mobility in soil No additional information available 12.5. Eng. The Boiling Point of hydroquinone is 287C Also, the Melting Point of hydroquinone is 172C. Free format text: 88, 161164 (2010), J. Delgado, Int. trailer << /Size 393 /Info 347 0 R /Root 375 0 R /Prev 573815 /ID[<6893db2526a970a0c364cca2e99ca522>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 375 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 346 0 R /Metadata 348 0 R >> endobj 391 0 obj << /S 2217 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 392 0 R >> stream Forms of retinoids have been developed wherein the retinoid is protected by a protective system. I made my own hydroquinone 4% and added it to my cream. Chem. Hydroquinone can lose a hydrogen cation from both hydroxyl groups to form a diphenolate ion. Airborne hydroquinone may be oxidized to quinone at ordinary . [32], Hydroquinone is thought to be the active toxin in Agaricus hondensis mushrooms. Eastman has active ingredients, thickeners, plasticizers, film formers, and more for your personal care formulations. application/pdf A further embodiment of the invention includes a method for stabilizing a hydroquinone composition (with about 1% to about 12% hydroquinone, preferably about 2% to about 10%, more preferably about 2% to about 8%, and most preferably about 3% to about 4%) with a neutral pH of from about 5.5 to about 8.0, more preferably a pH of from about 5.5 to about 7.5, and most preferably at a pH of from about 6.0 to about 7.5, by adding a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, preferably sodium ascorbyl phosphate, more preferably aminopropyl ascorbyl phosphate, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02750-4. HVoLg~Z+ Without being limited to the mechanism of this discoloration, it is believed that the discoloration may be caused at least in part by oxidation of the hydroquinone. Find answers in our support articles. HYdroquinone can be found in various skin care products. Phase A: Dissolve L-Ascorbic Acid in distilled water via agitation and gentle heating (warm, never hot or you will denature the ascorbic acid). You can expect to hear back from a ChemPoint product specialist within 1 business hour. Get medical attention. Most preferably, when both a water-soluble antioxidant, preferably sulfite, including but not limited to sulfites, bisulfites, metabisulfites, their salts and their derivatives, most preferably sodium metabisulfite, and a cationic salt of acidic ascorbyl esters, most preferably magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, are present, the color of the hydroquinone composition is stabilized in the neutral pH range, preferably for greater than about six months, more preferably for greater than about twelve months and most preferably for greater than about eighteen months. 0000008514 00000 n Glycerol derivatives solubilise natural, hydrophilic antioxidants in biofuels. It does not have the same predisposition to cause dermatitis as metol does. This invention addresses the problem of formulating a pigmentation disorder treatment composition with hydroquinone without an excessive discoloration of the composition in the pH range of about 7.0. Res. Then add it to the ingredients. The document was not able to download due to an unknown error. [19][20], In 2006, the United States Food and Drug Administration revoked its previous approval of hydroquinone and proposed a ban on all over-the-counter preparations. Hydroquinone | C6H4(OH)2 or C6H6O2 | CID 785 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . vitamin C; Salts thereof, Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00-A61K41/00, Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. Sodium metabisulfite has the added advantage that it does not discolor by oxidation. endstream endobj 277 0 obj <>stream Retinoid compositions, in particular retinoic acid, retinal, and their derivatives, isomers and analogs (such as adapalene, tazarotene and isotretoin) are known to be effective in improving rough skin texture, mottled pigmentation, sallow complexion, lines and wrinkles. HYPERPIGMENTARY STAIN ELIMINATING CREAM FOR FACE SKIN AND ITS USE. 0000000731 00000 n The solubility was increased by addition of ethanol, reached a maximum . One of these, 4-butylresorcinol, has been proven to be more effective at treating melanin-related skin disorders by a wide margin, as well as safe enough to be made available over the counter. The present invention addresses the problem of excessive discoloration in hydroquinone compositions of a neutral pH. An acceptable carrier also possesses suitable aesthetic and cosmetic qualities and may include emollients, conditioners and the like. When the contents of the reservoir are forced into the reaction chamber, the catalases and peroxidases rapidly break down the hydrogen peroxide and catalyze the oxidation of the hydroquinones into p-quinones. Editor's Rating: Retinoids are included in the invention from about 0.01 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.025% to about 2.0%, more preferably from about 0.05% to about 1%, and most preferably from about 0.025% to about 0.5%. 250, 165172 (2006), F. L. Mota, A. J. Queimada, A. E. Andreatta, S. P. Pinho, E. A. Macedo, Fluid Phase Equilib. [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C(O)=O, SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILET PREPARATIONS, Preparations for care of the skin for chemically bleaching or whitening the skin, PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL, OR TOILET PURPOSES, Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients, Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. Hydroquinone occurs as fine, white needles. Consistent with a condensation reaction, water was determined to be the primary byproduct. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions, C. M. S. de Mendona, I. P. de Barros Lima, C. F. S. Arago, A. P. B. Gomes, J. Therm. uv curable cellulose estersuv curable cellulose esters . . Variations in pH have proven to result in excessive discoloration ranging from brownish to black. This compound is gathered from the beaver's castor sacs.[35]. The Beaver: Its Life and Impact. According to the polar paradox theory, this should lead to a dissolution of . Therefore, the solubility values of hydroquinone in different solvents are required; however, the data availability in the literature is poor.3-7 In this work, the solubility data of hydroquinone in water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and acetic acid from 276.65 K to 345.10 K under atmospheric pressure were . I can't use water because I cannot dissolve enough Hydroquinone into it to reach the desired concentration. . Polysorbate 20 0.5% 0.15g. If youre making your lotion. Availability. J. Pharm. [24], Numerous studies have revealed that hydroquinone, if taken orally, can cause exogenous ochronosis, a disfiguring disease in which blue-black pigments are deposited onto the skin; however, skin preparations containing the ingredient are administered topically. Phase A is added to the tank, which is held at a temperature of from about 70 to about 75 C, and in which a CO. Ferulic acid 0.5% 0.15g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids, Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. English, J.C. and Deisinger, P.J. Then take the water and put the measurement into the microwave until boiled. J. Conversion factors (at 25C and normal atmospheric pressure) 1 ppm = 4.5 mg/m 3 1 mg/m 3 = 0.222 ppm Table 1. In the environment, hydroquinone showed increased toxicity for aquatic organisms, being less harmful for bacteria and fungi. The present invention is not to be limited by any mechanism described in the specification, because it is defined by the claims. Protected retinoid, with its skin benefit capabilities, may also be included with the hydroquinone composition. We have found that a cream containing 5% of hydroquinone and 0.05 % of laevo-ascorbic acid remains white, and the emulsion remains unbroken after many months of storage, The laevo-ascorbic or cevitamic acid is pr'eferably employed in the free condition; but if desired, the salts, and especially the water-soluble salts thereof, may be employed . The Campaign for Safe Cosmetics has also highlighted concerns. Methylaminophenol, used in photography, is produced in this way:[8]. The preferred protected retinoid is in the form of small beads or vesicles which are of a form that can be adjusted to be incorporated into varied topical compositions. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic, hydroximic acids, Carboxylic acids, e.g. This invention relates to methods and compositions for the treatment of pigmentation disorders, including hyperpigmentation and vitiligo. Chem. Can be destroyed by oxidizing it with an oxidizing mixture. The most preferred example of such an antioxidant is sodium metabisulfite. Some may double boil the hydroquinone and ester, I was too scared of the possibility of combustion. and solubility in water. endstream endobj 382 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /BCGJCE+TimesNewRoman,Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 389 0 R >> endobj 383 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 333 333 500 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 333 333 0 570 0 0 0 722 667 722 722 667 611 778 778 389 500 778 667 944 722 778 611 778 722 556 667 722 722 1000 722 722 0 333 0 333 0 0 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 333 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 576 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCGJCE+TimesNewRoman,Bold /FontDescriptor 382 0 R >> endobj 384 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 929 /CapHeight 0 /Descent -249 /Flags 32 /FontBBox [ -184 -249 1037 929 ] /FontName /BCGKAB+ImprintMT-Shadow /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 0 /FontFile2 390 0 R >> endobj 385 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 122 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 323 323 0 0 0 375 240 0 510 427 510 510 0 510 0 510 510 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 729 0 729 0 698 0 0 854 0 0 0 0 927 802 813 0 0 0 604 0 0 0 0 802 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 448 552 0 552 448 0 0 573 271 0 0 271 875 573 500 0 552 375 0 323 573 0 0 0 500 448 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCGKAB+ImprintMT-Shadow /FontDescriptor 384 0 R >> endobj 386 0 obj << /N 3 /Alternate /DeviceRGB /Length 2575 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream

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