Just saying hello was difficult. What do you do for christmas with your family? There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. Parents and peers influence our major life choices. It is the very fabric, the very core of your experience. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. My big fat greek wedding, an american woman of greek ancestry falls in love with a very vanilla, american man. In a lot of languages, there isn't. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). It's never going to. We post open positions (including internships) on our jobs page. VEDANTAM: One of the points you make in the book of course is that the evolution of words and their meanings is what gives us this flowering of hundreds or thousands of languages. So if the word for death was masculine in your language, you were likely to paint death as a man. Newer episodes are unlikely to have a transcript as it takes us a few weeks to process and edit each transcript. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. I'm Shankar Vedanta. She shows how our conversational styles can cause We all know casual sex isn't about love. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #10: (Speaking Russian). FEB 27, 2023; Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button . It has to do with the word momentarily. And so language changed just like the clouds in the sky. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. They are ways of seeing the world. That is the most random thing. 00:51:58 - We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. I'm Shankar Vedantam. You can also connect directly with our sponsorship representative by emailing [emailprotected]. Because were a small team, we dont have a publicly-available list of every piece of music that we use. When the con was exposed, its victims defended the con artists. All rights reserved. Put this image on your website to promote the show -, Happiness 2.0: The Only Way Out Is Through, Report inappropriate content or request to remove this page. UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #3: (As character) I'm willing to get involved. GEACONE-CRUZ: And I ended up living there for 10 years. How big are the differences that we're talking about, and how big do you think the implications are for the way we see the world? This week, we revisit a favorite episode from 2021, bringing you two stories about how easy it can be to believe in a false reality even when the facts dont back us up. But if you ask bilinguals, who have learned two languages and now they know that some genders disagree across the two languages, they're much less likely to say that it's because chairs are intrinsically masculine. I think it's a really fascinating question for future research. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. You're not going to do any of the things that are seen as a foundation of our technological society. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. And what he noticed was that when people were trying to act like Monday, they would act like a man. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. Hidden Brain. And it's sad that we're not going to be able to make use of them and learn them and celebrate them. They are ways of seeing the world. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. So it's mendokusai. Refusing to Apologize can have Psychological Benefits, by Tyler Okimoto, Michael Wenzel and Kyli Hedrick, European Journal of Social Psychology, 2013. He says that buying into false beliefs, in other words, deluding ourselves can . And, I mean, really, it sounds exactly like that. VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. And if it was feminine, then you're likely to paint death as a woman. This week, in the final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Keltner describes what happens when we stop to savor the beauty in nature, art, or simply the moral courage of those around us. And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. They believe that their language reflects the true structure of the world. But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. If you dont see any jobs posted there, feel free to send your resume and cover letter to [emailprotected] and well keep your materials on hand for future openings on the show. and pick the featured episodes for your show. But she told me a story about a conversation she had with a native speaker of Indonesian. VEDANTAM: In the English-speaking world, she goes by Lera Boroditsky. It's testament to the incredible ingenuity and complexity of the human mind that all of these different perspectives on the world have been invented. We'll be back momentarily. BORODITSKY: Well, there may not be a word for left to refer to a left leg. out. And if people heard the sounds a little differently and produced them a little differently, if there were new meanings of words - very quickly whatever the original meaning was wouldn't be remembered. Accuracy and availability may vary. UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: (Speaking foreign language). How do certain memes go viral? We don't want to be like that. This is Hidden Brain. So the word for the is different for women than for men, and it's also different for forks versus spoons and things like that. MCWHORTER: Oh, yeah, I'm a human being. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. BORODITSKY: Yeah. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #2: (Speaking foreign language). Look at it. It goes in this pile. Learn more. Toward Understanding Understanding:The Importance of Feeling Understood in Relationships, by Harry Reis, Edward P. Lemay Jr, and Catrin Finkenauer, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2017. Language was talk. BORODITSKY: Thank you so much for having me. And I can't help surmising that part of it is that the educated American has been taught and often well that you're not supposed to look down on people because of gender, because of race, because of ability. You're also not going to do algebra. You can run experiments in a lab or survey people on the street. Language as it evolved was just talking to an extent that can be very hard for we literate people to imagine. Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting. This is HIDDEN BRAIN. VEDANTAM: It took just one week of living in Japan for Jennifer to pick up an important, VEDANTAM: There isn't a straightforward translation of this phrase in English. Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Dont Know, Refusing to Apologize can have Psychological Benefits, The Effects of Conflict Types, Dimensions, and Emergent States on Group Outcomes, Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators, The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. And so I set myself the goal that I would learn English in a year, and I wouldn't speak Russian to anyone for that whole first year. And some people would say it's a lot more because it's, you know, irrecoverable and not reduplicated elsewhere. But does a person who says that really deserve the kind of sneering condemnation that you often see? Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways we can find joy and happiness in our everyday lives. VEDANTAM: Languages orient us to the world. Today, we explore the many facets of this idea. It is a great, free way to engage the podcast community and increase the visibility of your podcasts. Which pile do you go in, right? But as Bob Cialdini set out to discover the keys to influence and persuasion, he decided to follow the instincts of his childhood. Follow on Apple, Google or Spotify. For more of our Relationships 2.0 series, check out one of our most popular episodes ever about why marriages are so hard. It should just be, here is the natural way, then there's some things that you're supposed to do in public because that's the way it is, whether it's fair or not. Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS), by Harry T. Reis et. Assessing the Seeds of Relationship Decay: Using Implicit Evaluations to Detect the Early Stages of Disillusionment, by Soonhee Lee, Ronald D. Rogge, and Harry T. Reis, Psychological Science, 2010. The fun example I give my students is imagine playing the hokey pokey in a language like this. And it sounds a little bit abrupt and grabby like you're going to get something instead of being given. Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts are Influenced by Self-Esteem and Relationship Threat, by Shannon M. Smith & Harry Reis, Personal Relationships, 2012. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. I saw this bird's-eye view, and I was this little red dot. So for example, grammatical gender - because grammatical gender applies to all nouns in your language, that means that language is shaping the way you think about everything that can be named by a noun. So new words are as likely to evolve as old ones. It turns out, as you point out, that in common usage, literally literally means the opposite of literally. But if he just bumped into the table, and it happened to fall off the table and break, and it was an accident, then you might be more likely to say, the flute broke, or the flute broke itself, or it so happened to Sam that the flute broke. And so for example, if the word chair is masculine in your language, why is that? But what if it's not even about lust? Why researchers should think real-world: A conceptual rationale, by Harry T. Reis, in Handbook of Research Methods for Studying Daily Life, 2012. In The Air We Breathe . But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy thats all around us. I just don't want to do it. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? Official Website Airs on: SUN 7pm-8pm 55:27 Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button Feb 27 Many of us rush through our lives, chasing goals and just trying to get everything done. I know-uh (ph) is there, or something along the lines of babe-uh (ph). Shankar Vedantam: This is Hidden Brain. BORODITSKY: Yeah. Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. If you take literally in what we can think of as its earliest meaning, the earliest meaning known to us is by the letter. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. VEDANTAM: Still don't have a clear picture? How to Foster Perceived Partner Responsiveness: High-Quality LIstening is Key, by Guy Itzchakov, Harry Reis, and Netta Weinstein, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2021. If a transcript is available, youll see a Transcript button which expands to reveal the full transcript. You also see huge differences in other domains like number. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #7: (Speaking foreign language). Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button. Everyone wants to be loved and appreciated. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. If you still cant find the episode, try looking through our most recent shows on our homepage. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. And it's just too much of an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. And as odd as that sounds, I can guarantee you if you watch any TV show with women under a certain age or if you just go out on an American street and listen, you'll find that that's a new kind of exclamatory particle. Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships. Many of us rush through our days, weeks, and lives, chasing goals, and just trying to get everything done. This week, a story about a con with a twist. And then if you are going to be that elliptical, why use the casual word get? - you would have to say something like, my arm got broken, or it so happened to me that my arm is broken. But we have plenty of words like that in English where it doesn't bother us at all. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. BORODITSKY: I had this wonderful opportunity to work with my colleague Alice Gaby in this community called Pormpuraaw in - on Cape York. And then question 21 was, is this person a man or a woman? And it ended up becoming less a direct reflection of hearty laughter than an indication of the kind of almost subconscious laughter that we do in any kind of conversation that's meant as friendly. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. Lots of languages make a distinction between things that are accidents and things that are intentional actions. BORODITSKY: One thing that we've noticed is this idea of time, of course, is very highly constructed by our minds and our brains. MCWHORTER: Language is a parade, and nobody sits at a parade wishing that everybody would stand still. Let's start with the word literally. But what I am thinking is, you should realize that even if you don't like it, there's nothing wrong with it in the long run because, for example, Jonathan Swift didn't like it that people were saying kissed instead of kiss-ed (ph) and rebuked instead of rebuk-ed (ph). UNIDENTIFIED ACTOR #2: (As character) Right. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #9: (Speaking German). VEDANTAM: Lera now tries to understand languages spoken all over the world. JENNIFER GEACONE-CRUZ: My name is Jennifer Geacone-Cruz. You can't smell or taste time. For example, he might take a bunch of pictures of boys and girls and sort them and say, OK, this is a boy. So that's an example of how languages and cultures construct how we use space to organize time, to organize this very abstract thing that's otherwise kind of hard to get our hands on and think about. But time doesn't have to flow with respect to the body. And so he suggested it might be the case that the arbitrarily assigned grammatical genders are actually changing the way people think about these days of the week and maybe all kinds of other things that are named by nouns. Mistakes and errors are what turned Latin into French. And you've conducted experiments that explore how different conceptions of time in different languages shape the way we think about the world and shape the way we think about stories. As someone who works in media, I often find that people who can write well are often people who know how to think well, so I often equate clarity of writing with clarity of thought. And if you can enjoy it as a parade instead of wondering why people keep walking instead of just sitting on chairs and blowing on their tubas and not moving, then you have more fun. Social Functionalist Frameworks for Judgment and Choice: Intuitive Politicians, Theologians, and Prosecutors, by Philip Tetlock, Psychology Review, 2002. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #5: (Speaking foreign language). And then when I turned, this little window stayed locked on the landscape, but it turned in my mind's eye. VEDANTAM: So all this raises a really interesting question. Time now for "My Unsung Hero," our series from the team at Hidden Brain telling the stories of . Physicist Richard Feynman once said, "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself, and you are the easiest person to fool." One way we fool ourselves is by imagining we know more than we do; we think we are experts. And we're all going to have feelings like that. It's just how I feel. Take the word bridge - if it's feminine in your language, you're more likely to say that bridges are beautiful and elegant. It seems kind of elliptical, like, would it be possible that I obtained? But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? VEDANTAM: So I find that I'm often directionally and navigationally challenged when I'm driving around, and I often get my east-west mixed up with my left-right for reasons I have never been able to fathom. The Effective Negotiator Part 1: The Behavior of Successful Negotiators and The Effective Negotiator Part 2: Planning for Negotiations, by Neil Rackham and John Carlisle, Journal of European Industrial Training, 1978. Opening scene of Lady Bird Flight attendant Steven Slater slides from a plane after quitting Transcript Podcast: Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. It's how we think about anything that's abstract, that's beyond our physical senses. And why do some social movements take off and spread, while others fizzle? This is NPR. But if you seed a watermelon, nobody assumes that you're taking seeds and putting them in the watermelon, you're taking them out. And if that is true, then the educated person can look down on people who say Billy and me went to the store or who are using literally, quote, unquote, "wrong" and condemn them in the kinds of terms that once were ordinary for condemning black people or women or what have you. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. See you next week. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. edit transcripts, Improve the presence of your podcasts, e.g., self-service, If you share your Listen Notes page and at-mention. In the second episode of our "Relationships 2.0" series, psychologist Do you ever struggle to communicate with your mom? So in terms of the size of differences, there are certainly effects that are really, really big. That's the way words are, too. al (Eds. We're speaking today with cognitive science professor Lera Boroditsky about language.

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